Soldering is the joining together of two metals to physical bonding and good electrical conductivity.It is used primarily in electrical and electronic Circuitry. Solder is a combination of metals which are solid at room temperatures and become liquid at between 180 and 200 degree Celsius. Solder bonds well to varoius metals,and extremely well to copper.

Soldering is a necessary skill you need the learn to successfully build electronics circuits. It is the primary way how electronics components are connected to circuit boards, wires and, sometimes directly to other components.To solder you need soldering iron. A basic electrical soldering iron consists of a heating element, a soldering bit (often called the tip), a handle and a power, cord. The heating element can be either a resistance wire wound around a ceramic tube, or a thick film resistance element printed on to a ceramic base .The element is then insulated and placed into a metal tube for strength and protection .This is then thermally insulated from the handle .

The heating element of soldering iron is usually reaches temperatures of around 370 to 400 degree Celsius (higher than needed to melt the solder). The soldering bit is specially shaped piece of copper plated with iron and then usually plated with chrome iron. The tip platting makes it very resistant to aggressive solder and fluxes.The strength or power of the soldering iron is usually expressed in. watts. Irons generally used in electronics typically the range 12 to 25 watts. Higher power iron will not run hotter, but it will have more power available to quickly replace heat drained from the iron during soldering. Most irons are available in variety of voltages 12V; 24V, 115V and 230V are the most popular. Today the most laboratories and repair shops are soldering irons operate at 24V (powered by insulation transformer supplied with the soldering iron with separate low voltage out let). You should always use this low voltage where possible, as it is much safer.

For advanced soldering work (like very tiny very sensitive electronics components), you will need a soldering iron with temperature control. In this soldering iron the temperature may be usually set between 200 degC and 450 degC. Many temperature controlled soldering irons are designed for electronics have a power rating of around 40-50W. They will heat fast and give enough power for operation, but are mechanically small (because the temperature control stops them from over eating when they are not used).

You will occasionally see gas powered soldering iron, which use button rather than the mains electrical supply to operate. They have a catalytic element, which, once warmed up, continues to glow hot when gas passes over them. Gas-powered soldering irons are designed for occasional `on the spot' user for quick prepares, rather than for mainstream construction or assembly work.

You need to be careful in soldering electronic component is fragile and heat sensitive. Usually our biggest concern is heat. Low enough soldering temperature short enough soldering time keeps components in good shapes. Electronic components are designed so that they can take high temperature on their wire/contacts for some time without damage (to which stands the soldering). Prolonged its exposure to high temperature will heat up when inside of the component can cause damaged to it.

Currently, the best commonly available, workable, and safe solder alloy is 63/37. That is, 63% lead, 37% tin. It is also known as eutectic solder. Its most desirable characteristic is that its solids ('pasty') states, and its liquid state occur at same temperature at-361 degrees F. the combination 63 % lead and 37% tin melts at the lowest possible temperature. Now a day there is tendency to move to use lead free solders, but it will takes years until they will catch normal soldering work.Lead free solders are now clay's then tradition al solders that have leaded it then.The metals involved are not the only things to consider in a solder. Flux is vital to a good solder joint. Flux is aggressive chemical that removes oxides and impurities from the parts of to) be soldered. The chemical reaction at the points of connection must take place for the, metals to fuse.. RMA-type materials, and provides an adequate oxide removal.

In electronics a 60/40 fluxed core solder is used. This consists of 60% Lead, 40% Tin, with flux cores added through the length of the solder.There are certain safety measures which you should keep in mind when soldering. The tin materials used in soldering contain dangerous substances like lead (40-60 % typical soldering tins are lead and lead is poisonous). Also from the soldering flux can be dangerous. While it is true that lead does not vaporize at the temperatures at which soldering is typically done, particulate matter is just as dangerous as fumes would be in terms of poisoning and particulate lead present to some extent in the fumes from your flux.

When soldering keep the room well ventilated and use a small fan or fume trap. A proper fume trap or a fan will keep the most pollution away from your face. Professional electronics workshops use expensive fume extraction systems protect their workers (needed for working safety reasons). Those fume extraction devices have a special filter, which filters out the dangerous fumes. If you can connect a duct to the output from the trap to the outside ,that would be great.

Always wash hands prior to smoking ,eating drinking or going to the bathroom.When you handle soldering tin, your hands will pick up lead ,which needs to be washed out from it before it gets to your body. Do not eat, drink or smoke whilst working with soldering iron. Do not place cups, glasses or a plate of food near your working area.
Wash also the table sometimes. As you solder, at times there will be a bit of spitting and sputtering. If you look you'll see tiny balls of solder that shoot out and can be found on your soldering table.

The soldering iron will last longer with proper care.Before and during use wipe the bit on a damp sponge .Most bench stands incorporate a sponge for this purpose. When using new bit, apply solder to it as it heats up. Always keep a hot iron in a bench stand, or suspended by the hook, when not in use . Turn of the iron when you do not use it .periodically remove the bit and clear away any oxide build up. Regularly check the mains lead for burns or other damage (change mains lead if necessary).