Abstract

A transceiver is a device that has both a transmitter and a receiver which are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing. If no circuitry is common between transmit and receive functions, the device is a transmitter-receiver. The term originates around World War II. Technically, transceivers must combine a significant amount of the transmitter and receiver handling circuitry. In electronics, a transceiver refers to a device which combines both transmission and reception capabilities within a single housing. The term is used for semiconductor devices designed to send and receive digital data over a line or cable. Each communication network has its own transceivers such as RS232 used for computer to terminals communication, Ethernet used for computer to computer and computer to multi-computer communication, CAN-bus used for industrial and automotive networks, LIN-bus used for automotive sub networks, DC-BUS[1] used for automotive DC powerline communication. A transceiver is a combination transmitter/receiver in a single package. The term applies to wireless communications devices such as cellular telephones, cordless telephone sets, handheld two-way radios, and mobile two-way radios. Occasionally the term is used in reference to transmitter/receiver devices in cable or optical fiber systems.
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In computer networking, a transceiver (sometimes abbreviated to TCVR) is a device that performs, within a common housing, on one chassis, both transmitting and receiving functions. It is sometimes designed for portable or mobile use, uses common circuit components for both transmitting and receiving, which provides half-duplex operation.Transceivers used to be widely used in 10 Mbit/s Ethernet networks where they were known as Medium Attachment Units. Fibre-optic gigabit and 10 gigabit Ethernet also have GBIC and XAUI transceivers respectively.

In radio terminology, a transceiver means a unit which contains both a receiver and a transmitter. It was quite common to have these units separated. Ham radio operators can build their own equipment and it is always easier to design and build a simple unit having one of the functions, transmitting or receiving. Almost every modern amateur radio equipment is now a transceiver but there is an active market for pure radio receivers, mainly for SWL operators. An example of a transceiver would be a walkie-talkie, or a CB radio. In a radio transceiver, the receiver is silenced while transmitting. An electronic switch allows the transmitter and receiver to be connected to the same antenna, and prevents the transmitter output from damaging the receiver. With a transceiver of this kind, it is impossible to receive signals while transmitting. This mode is called half duplex. Transmission and reception often, but not always, are done on the same frequency.

On a wired telephone, the handset is the transceiver for the audio. On a mobile telephone or other radiotelephone, the entire unit is a transceiver, for both audio and radio.A cordless telephone uses an audio and radio transceiver for the handset, and a radio transceiver for the base station. If a speakerphone is included in a wired telephone base or in a cordless base station (less common), the base also becomes an audio transceiver in addition to the handset.Also used in Retail Stores in security devices

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